amorphous coating on some fibers: Shroud of Turin Terms

Fibers coated with amorphous layer

Cellulose fibers that make up the threads of the Shroud's cloth are coated with a thin carbohydrate layer of starch fractions, various sugars and other impurities. This chemical layer, which is thinner (160 to 600 nanometers) than most bacteria or the transparent glare-resistant coatings used on modern eyeglasses, is essentially colorless. However, in places, the coating has undergone a chemical change that appears straw-yellow. This chemical change is similar to the change that takes place when sugar is heated to make caramel or when proteins react with sugar as in the making of beer. And it is the straw-yellow, selectively present in some parts of the carbohydrate layer, that makes up the image we see on the Shroud.

microscopic picture of a single fiber showing image layer

	What is the Shroud of Turin? The Shroud Described.
	How the images might have formed. Images on the Shroud of Turin.
	Hints from Edessa, 544 AD. Early Shroud of Turin History.
	How a medieval artisan caused Carbon 14 Dating Errors.
	Startling, Mysterious, Unexplained. The 3D Encoding of the Shroud.
	The Variegated Cloth. Fooled by the Shroud's Background Noise.
	The Art Connection. Christ Pantocrator and the Shroud of Turin.
	Was the Shroud of Turin Described? Voices from the Past
	Medical Perspective: Forensic Pathology of the Images
	The Second Face: From the Back of the Cloth
	Some say . . . Painted, Leonardo da Vinci, Jacques deMolay, Coins, etc.